How Podiatrists Diagnose And Treat Flat Feet

Flat feet can lead to discomfort and other issues, ranging from pain in the feet to issues with posture and gait. Podiatrists, experts in foot health, provide valuable insight into diagnosing and treating this common condition.

Well heeled podiatry practices have advanced significantly in both diagnostic tools and treatment options, making it easier for individuals to manage flat feet effectively. 

Here, we will look into the ways podiatrists diagnose and treat flat feet, helping you understand what to expect if you visit one.

How Podiatrists Diagnose Flat Feet?

Diagnosing flat feet typically involves a combination of assessing the patient’s symptoms, performing a physical examination, and conducting additional tests to evaluate the extent of the condition. Here are the primary diagnostic methods podiatrists use:

1. Patient History

• Details on Family and Medical History: Podiatrists begin by asking patients about their family history of foot issues, previous injuries, or medical conditions that might contribute to flat feet.
• Symptoms: Understanding the patient’s symptoms, such as foot pain, swelling, or difficulty walking, is crucial for determining the severity of flat feet.

2. Physical Examination

• Foot Structure Assessment: The podiatrist will visually inspect the feet for signs of arch collapse and misalignment. They may look at the foot in both standing and sitting positions to see how the arch responds underweight.
• Manual Palpation: The doctor may feel the foot to check for signs of abnormal pressure or discomfort, especially around the arch area.

3. Gait Analysis

• Walking Observation: By observing the way the patient walks, the podiatrist can assess if the feet are rolling inwards, a common sign of flat feet. This is known as overpronation.
• Posture Check: The alignment of the lower body, including the ankles, knees, and hips, will also be checked to understand how flat feet may affect posture.

4. Imaging Tests

• X-Rays: In certain cases, an X-ray is used to view the bone structure of the foot and assess the degree of arch collapse. This is especially useful for diagnosing structural problems.
• MRI or CT Scans: If more detailed imaging is needed, such as soft tissue evaluation, MRI or CT scans can provide insights into cartilage and ligament health.

5. Navicular Drop Test

• Test for Arch Collapse: This test involves measuring the position of the navicular bone (a prominent bone in the middle of the foot). If it drops significantly when the patient stands, it suggests flat feet.

How Podiatrists Treat Flat Feet?

Treatment options for flat feet vary depending on the severity of the condition and the symptoms. Podiatrists focus on both conservative and, in some cases, surgical treatments to provide relief. Here’s a breakdown of how podiatrists treat flat feet:

1. Conservative Treatments

A. Foot Orthotics

• Custom-Made Insoles: Foot orthotics are specifically designed insoles that fit into shoes to provide additional support for the arch. Podiatrists often prescribe custom orthotics that are tailored to the patient’s foot structure to alleviate pressure and improve posture.
• Over-the-counter Options: In some cases, the podiatrist may recommend over-the-counter arch supports if the problem is less severe.

B. Stretching And Strengthening Exercises

• Targeted Foot Exercises: Podiatrists may suggest specific exercises to help stretch the Achilles tendon, calves, and other muscles involved in supporting the foot arch. Exercises like toe curls, arch lifts, and ankle rotations are common.
• Strengthening Muscles: Strengthening the intrinsic foot muscles can prevent further collapse of the arch and improve overall foot function.

C. Physical Therapy

• Expert Guidance: Physical therapists can help patients with flat feet by teaching them exercises that focus on improving flexibility, strength, and balance. This approach helps reduce foot pain and increase mobility.
• Foot Mobilisation Techniques: In some cases, physical therapists use manual therapy to mobilise the joints of the foot, improving their function and reducing discomfort.

D. Proper Footwear

• Supportive Shoes: Podiatrists recommend footwear that provides proper arch support, cushioning, and stability. Shoes with good structural support help reduce the strain on the feet and prevent further problems.
• Avoiding High Heels and Unsupportive Shoes: Patients with flat feet are often advised to avoid shoes with inadequate support, such as high heels or flat shoes with no arch support.

2. Surgical Treatments

In cases where conservative treatments are ineffective, or the condition is severe, surgery may be recommended. Surgical treatments aim to restore the arch and improve foot function.

A. Osteotomy

• Realigning the Bones: This surgical procedure involves cutting and realigning bones in the foot to restore the natural arch. Osteotomy is typically reserved for patients with severe flat feet who do not respond to non-surgical treatments.

B. Tendon Lengthening Or Transfer

• Correcting Tendon Imbalances: If flat feet are caused by tight or malfunctioning tendons, the podiatrist may recommend tendon lengthening or transfer. This procedure helps balance the muscles and tendons, allowing for better foot function and reduced pain.

C. Arthrodesis

• Fusion of the Joints: In cases where arthritis or joint degeneration has occurred, arthrodesis (joint fusion) may be necessary. The surgery fuses joints together to eliminate pain and provide stability, often for patients with long-standing flat feet.

D. Subtalar Arthroereisis

• Correcting the Heel Position: This minimally invasive surgery involves placing a small implant into the subtalar joint (the joint below the ankle) to help control the excessive motion of the foot. It is often recommended for children and adolescents with flat feet.

3. Other Podiatric Treatments

A. Night Splints

• Stretching During Sleep: Night splints are worn while sleeping and help stretch the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia, promoting better alignment and reducing stiffness. They can be particularly beneficial for individuals with tight tendons.

B. Corticosteroid Injections

• Reducing Inflammation: In severe cases of pain and inflammation, corticosteroid injections may be used to reduce swelling and discomfort in the foot. However, this is usually a temporary solution for more acute symptoms.

When To See A Podiatrist For Flat Feet

It’s essential to seek professional help if you experience any discomfort or difficulty related to flat feet. Here are some signs that you should consult a podiatrist:

• Persistent pain in the feet, especially after prolonged standing or walking.
• Swelling around the ankles or arches.
• Difficulty walking or feeling off balance due to foot pain.
• If you notice changes in your walking pattern or posture.

Conclusion

Podiatrists are integral in diagnosing and treating flat feet. Their comprehensive approach involves assessing the patient’s medical history, performing a physical examination, and using imaging tests when necessary. 

Treatment typically starts with conservative methods, including custom orthotics and strengthening exercises, but can progress to surgical intervention if necessary. If you experience symptoms of flat feet, it’s essential to consult a podiatrist who can tailor a treatment plan to your needs, ensuring you remain mobile and pain-free.

Frequently Asked Questions

How Do Podiatrists Diagnose Flat Feet?

Podiatrists diagnose flat feet by gathering information about the patient’s medical history, conducting a physical examination, analysing gait, and using imaging tests like X-rays or MRIs to assess the condition of the bones and soft tissues in the foot.

What Are The Most Common Treatments For Flat Feet?

The most common treatments for flat feet include the use of custom orthotics, physical therapy exercises to strengthen and stretch the foot muscles, and wearing supportive footwear. In more severe cases, surgery may be considered to correct structural issues.

Can Flat Feet Be Cured?

While flat feet cannot always be “cured,” symptoms can often be managed effectively through conservative treatments like custom orthotics, exercises, and proper footwear. In cases where conservative treatments fail, surgical options may be explored.